Energy Risk Management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Energy Risk Management - Dissertation Example Regulatory agencies of governments sell smaller units of this limit to individual organisations in the form of emission permit or carbon credit (Bayon, 2007). The emission permit gives an organisation the right to emit a specified volume of green house gas. The carbon credits can be traded in the market and on specified stock exchanges. Organisations must buy the required number of permits equivalent to the amount of emissions. There is a limit on the total number of permits that are offered by the government. If an organisation needs more permits, it can buy these from the market and thus offset their emissions. The whole system of carbon credit trading is rigidly controlled by the stock exchanges. While erring firms now have the option of getting away with pollution and excess emissions, the government is at least making these firms to pay for the emissions. Since the number of carbon credits available is limited, the price of the credits can fluctuate. Eventually, erring firms wou ld be expected to improve their process so that fewer emissions take place. The carbon credit trading market is worth more than 64 billion USD in 2007 and the market is expected to grow rapidly as accountability increases (Tietenberg, 2009). This dissertation will research the structure of carbon credit market and emissions trading. The dissertation will also examine price fluctuations, drivers for price variations and make recommendations to improve the market structure. 1.1. Rationale for the paper The term carbon credit is used to identify a permit or tradable certificate. It gives the owner the permission to emit one tonne of greenhouse gases or carbon dioxide or any other equivalent gas such as sulphur or carbon monoxide. One carbon credit represents one metric tonne of green house gases and is designated by the term tCO2e. The Kyoto Protocol brought in some accountability for nations and signatories to this protocol agreed for some legal targets that limited the amount of emis sions by each nation (Stone, 20110. The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme - EUETS and other bodies have agreed to reduce the CO2 emission by 8% in 2012 as compared to the 1990 levels. As per the protocol and agreements, emission quotas were assigned to each nation and these are called as assigned amount units AAAs. Each nation was allowed to sell these units to industries and even individuals. Based on the nature of industry and processes, each industry was expected to buy a certain amount of units. Failure to comply would result in social stigma besides having to pay extra taxes. In some nations, these units were in shortage and in France, Germany and UK; the price for a unit quickly rose from 50 Euros to 90 Euros per unit. Croci (2011) says that nations such as Russia, Ukraine and many other former USSR satellite nations had huge surpluses and they dumped their AAAs in the market, bringing the market down. It was also seen that during recession, the amount of emissions in ma ny nations reduced and this was mainly due to fewer industries operations. Overall, the market for carbon credit sees a lot of volatility, fluctuations and even price manipulation (Stone, 2010). Existing literature does not examine these aspects or understand the correlation between various drivers. In addition, since the subject of emissions trading is relatively recent, many studies have not been conducted in

Is social media really serving the purpose of making people more Essay - 1

Is social media really serving the purpose of making people more sociable or is it creating an introverted generation - Essay Example Despite these benefits of social networking, it has also resulted in undesirable effects such as widespread feeling of loneliness, loss of identity, and social alienation from the society. Thus, it is increasingly creating reserved individuals who are so much inclined to their thoughts and feelings with minimal societal interactions. The anonymity and lack of face-to-face interaction associated with most social sites such as Facebook and Twitter provide an opportunity for dissimulation of feelings and personal traits during communication. People feel freer to express their thoughts, which are not sincere on many occasions, on social media than in real life situations because nobody sees them. This kind of anonymity is a crucial factor that triggers human feeling of freedom from social responsibility, which often leads to negative consequences (Zimbardo 255). Furthermore, social media allows people to create false personalities and identify themselves with individuals different from who they are. As a result, they start detaching themselves from the rest of the community and later, this may cause certain communicational disability, social anxiety, and even asceticism (Zimbardo 225). There is a likelihood that exposure of these individuals who have masked their personalities through social media communication woul d be a social catastrophe. For example, the case of Facebook privacy breaches that has become a nightmare for its users. In addition, the fear of losing social media privacy has led to the appearance of cyberbullying, which is a huge problem nowadays. Social media bullies play on people’s dependency on social media images, so they often manipulate people by creating breaches in their social networking profiles’ security. It is also imperative to note that the cyberbullying contributes to the development of introspective tendencies of modern social media generation. Researchers in this area revealed that cyberbullying

Webform2 †wireless LAN, users and access points management Essay Example for Free

Webform2 – wireless LAN, users and access points management Essay Private void Page_Load(object sender, System. EventArgs e) { // intializing the sqlDataAdapter and dataSet sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter3. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM APusers,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1); sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11); sqlDataAdapter2. AcceptChangesDuringFill = true; sqlDataAdapter3. AcceptChangesDuringFill = true; } private void Button9_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) //add button(users) { //saving the data the manager insert and adding it to the users table//goto each AP checked by the manager using SNMP protocol and add //them the user String user_name,user_id,user_MAC; String str2=,str3=; int i,j,tmp,k; user_name = TextBox1. Text. ToString(); user_id = TextBox2. Text. ToString(); user_MAC = TextBox5. Text. ToString(); int items = CheckBoxList1. Items. Count; // APs will hold the names of all the APs that the user // can access string[] APs = new string[items]; k=0; APs. Initialize(); try { apDataSet1. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT APname FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); DataRow [] arr = apDataSet1. AP. Select(); i = arr. GetLength(0); // add this user to the table // str2 has the names of all the APs coulms // str3 has the values of all the coulms j=0; for(j=0;ji;j++) { str3= str3 + arr[j]. ItemArray. GetValue(0) .ToString()+, ; } str3 = str3. Remove(((str3. Length)-2),2); str2= +user_name +, + user_id +, +user_MAC + , ; tmp = CheckBoxList1. SelectedIndex; for(j=0;ji;j++) { if (tmp==j) { APs[k]=CheckBoxList2. SelectedItem. Text; k++; str2= str2 + 1, ; CheckBoxList1. SelectedItem. Selected = false; tmp = CheckBoxList1. SelectedIndex; } else str2= str2 + 0, ; } str2 = str2. Remove(((str2. Length)-2),2); SqlCommand insCommand = new SqlCommand( INSERT INTO APusers (userName, id_num, mac_adr, + str3 + ) VALUES ( + str2 + ),sqlConnection1); insCommand. Connection. Open(); insCommand. ExecuteNonQuery(); insCommand. Connection. Close(); sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); / the steps to update the access points:   1. for each AP in the APs array: *  Ã‚  Ã‚   1. 1 get the AP IP address from the AP database. 1. 2 get the add entry to table object ID *   1. 3 call snmpSET function */ /* String IPaddr,OID; * for(i=0;ik;i++)   {*     DataRow [] arr = apDataSet1. AP. Select(Apname ='+APs[i]+); *  Ã‚   IPaddr = arr[0]. ItemArray. GetValue(1). ToString(); *  Ã‚   OID = avaya. addEntry(); *  Ã‚   snmpexe. snmpSet(IPaddr,OID,user_MAC); * } */ } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } TextBox7. Text=; TextBox1. Text=; TextBox2. Text=; TextBox5. Text=; TextBox3. Text=; TextBox4. Text=; } private int GetIndexofelement(string [,] arr,string elem) { int j,i = arr. Length; for(j=0;ji;i++) { if (arr[0,j]. ToString() == elem) return j; } return -1; } private void Button3_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) //remove user button. { CheckBox1. Visible=false; Label12. Visible=false; TextBox7. Visible=false; DataGrid2. Visible=false; DataGrid1. Visible=false; Button9. Visible=false; TextBox1. Visible=false; TextBox2. Visible=false; Label3. Visible=false; TextBox5. Visible=false; Label10. Visible=false; Label4. Visible=false; Label5. Visible=false; CheckBoxList1. Visible=false; Label1. Visible=false; Label2. Visible=false; Button10. Visible=false; TextBox3. Visible=false; TextBox4. Visible=false; DropDownList2. Visible=false; Button8. Visible=false; DropDownList1. Visible=true; Button6. Visible=true; DropDownList3. Visible=false; Button12. Visible=false; Label13. Visible=false; Label14. Visible=false; Label15. Visible=false; Label16. Visible=false; TextBox6. Visible=false; TextBox8. Visible=false; TextBox9. Visible=false; CheckBoxList2. Visible=false; Button13. Visible=false; DropDownList4. Visible=false; Button16. Visible=false; Button15. Visible=false; Label11. Visible=false; Label17. Visible=false; Label18. Visible=false; TextBox11. Visible=false; TextBox12. Visible=false; TextBox10. Visible=false; CheckBox2. Visible=false; Label6. Text=Select the user you wish to remove and press remove; /////////////////// //bring the users list into the dropdown box DropDownList1. Items. Clear(); int i=0; try { usersDataSet11. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter3. SelectCommand. CommandText = SELECT userName FROM APusers; sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11); DataRow [] arr = usersDataSet11. APusers. Select(); i = arr. GetLength(0); while (i! =0) { DropDownList1. Items. Add(arr[i-1]. ItemArray. GetValue(0). ToString()); i=i-1; } sqlDataAdapter3. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM APusers,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11,APusers); } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } } private void Button1_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e)// add AP button { CheckBox1. Visible=true; Label12. Visible=true; TextBox7. Visible=true; DataGrid2. Visible=false; DataGrid1. Visible=false; Label1. Visible=true; Label2. Visible=true; Button10. Visible=true; TextBox3. Visible=true; TextBox4. Visible=true; TextBox5. Visible=false; Label10. Visible=false; Button9. Visible=false; TextBox1. Visible=false; TextBox2. Visible=false; Label3. Visible=false; Label4. Visible=false; Label5. Visible=false; CheckBoxList1. Visible=false; DropDownList1. Visible=false; Button6. Visible=false; DropDownList2. Visible=false; Button8. Visible=false; DropDownList3. Visible=false; Button12. Visible=false; Label13. Visible=false; Label14. Visible=false; Label15. Visible=false; Label16. Visible=false; TextBox6. Visible=false; TextBox8. Visible=false; TextBox9. Visible=false; CheckBoxList2. Visible=false; Button13. Visible=false; DropDownList4. Visible=false; Button16. Visible=false; Button15. Visible=false; Label11. Visible=false; Label17. Visible=false; Label18. Visible=false; TextBox11. Visible=false; TextBox12. Visible=false; TextBox10. Visible=false; CheckBox2. Visible=false; Label6. Text=Insert the AP detials and press add; } private void Button4_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) //remove AP button. { CheckBox1. Visible=false; Label12. Visible=false; TextBox7. Visible=false; DataGrid2. Visible=false; DataGrid1. Visible=false; DropDownList2. Visible=true; Button8. Visible=true; Button9. Visible=false; TextBox5. Visible=false; Label10. Visible=false; TextBox1. Visible=false; TextBox2. Visible=false; Label3. Visible=false; Label4. Visible=false; Label5. Visible=false; CheckBoxList1. Visible=false; DropDownList1. Visible=false; Button6. Visible=false; Label1. Visible=false; Label2. Visible=false; Button10. Visible=false; TextBox3. Visible=false; TextBox4. Visible=false; DropDownList3. Visible=false; Button12. Visible=false; Label13. Visible=false; Label14. Visible=false; Label15. Visible=false; Label16. Visible=false; TextBox6. Visible=false; TextBox8. Visible=false; TextBox9. Visible=false; CheckBoxList2. Visible=false; Button13. Visible=false; DropDownList4. Visible=false; Button16. Visible=false; Button15. Visible=false; Label11. Visible=false; Label17. Visible=false; Label18. Visible=false; TextBox11. Visible=false; TextBox12. Visible=false; TextBox10. Visible=false; CheckBox2. Visible=false; Label6. Text=Select the AP you wish to remove and press remove; //bring the APs list into the dropdown box try { DropDownList2. Items. Clear(); int i=0; apDataSet1. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT APname FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); DataRow [] arr = apDataSet1. AP. Select(); i = arr. GetLength(0); while (i! =0) { DropDownList2. Items. Add(arr[i-1]. ItemArray. GetValue(0). ToString()); i=i-1; } sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } } private void Button5_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) //show all users button { CheckBox1. Visible=false; Label12. Visible=false; TextBox7. Visible=false; DataGrid2. Visible=false; DataGrid1. Visible=true; Button9. Visible=false; TextBox1. Visible=false; TextBox2. Visible=false; TextBox5. Visible=false; Label10. Visible=false; Label3. Visible=false; Label4. Visible=false; Label5. Visible=false; CheckBoxList1. Visible=false; DropDownList1. Visible=false; Button6. Visible=false; Label1. Visible=false; Label2. Visible=false; Button10. Visible=false; TextBox3. Visible=false; TextBox4. Visible=false; DropDownList2. Visible=false; Button8. Visible=false; DropDownList3. Visible=false; Button12. Visible=false; Label13. Visible=false; Label14. Visible=false; Label15. Visible=false; Label16. Visible=false; TextBox6. Visible=false; TextBox8. Visible=false; TextBox9. Visible=false; CheckBoxList2. Visible=false; Button13. Visible=false; DropDownList4. Visible=false; Button16. Visible=false; Button15. Visible=false; Label11. Visible=false; Label17. Visible=false; Label18. Visible=false; TextBox11. Visible=false; TextBox12. Visible=false; TextBox10. Visible=false; CheckBox2. Visible=false; try { sqlDataAdapter3. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM APusers,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11,APusers); DataGrid1. DataSource = usersDataSet11; DataGrid1. DataBind(); } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } Label6. Text=which operation would you like to perform? ; } private void Button6_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) // remove button(users) { //goto all APs listed for this user and remove the user from //ther table and then remove the user from the data base String user_name; try { user_name = DropDownList1. SelectedItem. Text. ToString(); Label6. Text=Remove user + user_name; /* * the steps to update the access points: * 0. create an array with the APs name * 1. for each AP in the APs array: *  Ã‚  Ã‚   1. 1 get the AP IP address from the AP database *  Ã‚  Ã‚   1. 2 get the remove entry to table object ID *  Ã‚  Ã‚   1. 3 call snmpSET function */ /* String IPaddr,OID; * for(i=0;ik;i++) * { *  Ã‚   DataRow [] arr = apDataSet1. AP. Select(APname ='+APs[i]+); *  Ã‚   IPaddr = arr[0]. ItemArray. GetValue(1). ToString(); *  Ã‚   OID = avaya. removeEntry(); *  Ã‚   snmpexe. snmpSet(IPaddr,OID,user_MAC); * } */ SqlCommand DelCommand = new SqlCommand(DELETE FROM APusers WHERE userName = + user_name + ,sqlConnection1); DelCommand. Connection. Open(); DelCommand. ExecuteNonQuery(); DelCommand. Connection. Close(); usersDataSet11. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1); sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11); //todo: refrash list DropDownList1. Items. Clear(); int i=0; usersDataSet11. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter3. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand( SELECT userName FROM APusers,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11); DataRow [] arr = usersDataSet11. APusers. Select(); i = arr. GetLength(0); while (i! =0) { DropDownList1. Items. Add(arr[i-1]. ItemArray. GetValue(0). ToString()); i=i-1; } sqlDataAdapter3. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM APusers,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11,APusers); } catch(Exception ev). {Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } } private void Button10_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) //add button(AP) {//updata the APs table and init the AP String AP_name,AP_ip,Location; bool active; try { AP_name = TextBox3. Text. ToString(); AP_ip = TextBox4. Text. ToString(); Location = TextBox7. Text. ToString(); active = CheckBox1. Checked; apDataSet1. AP. AddAPRow(AP_name,AP_ip,Location,active); sqlDataAdapter2. Update(apDataSet1); SqlCommand myCommand = new SqlCommand(ALTER TABLE APusers ADD +AP_name+ bit,sqlConnection1); myCommand. Connection. Open(); myCommand. ExecuteNonQuery(); myCommand. Connection. Close(); //todo: make all the users in the APusers table marked as not allowed to this AP myCommand = new SqlCommand( UPDATE APusers SET +AP_name+= 0,sqlConnection1); myCommand. Connection. Open(); myCommand. ExecuteNonQuery(); myCommand. Connection. Close(); /* the steps to update the access points: * 1. connect to the AP IP address from the AP database * 2. get the remove entry to table object ID *3. call snmpSET function */ /* String IPaddr,OID; * for(i=0;ik;i++) * { *  Ã‚   OID = avaya. setName(); *  Ã‚   snmpexe. snmpSet(AP_ip,OID,AP_name); *  Ã‚   OID = avaya. setLocation(); *  Ã‚   snmpexe. snmpSet(AP_ip,OID,Location); * }   */ }catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } TextBox7. Text=; TextBox1. Text=; TextBox2. Text=; TextBox5. Text=; TextBox3. Text=; TextBox4. Text=; } private void Button8_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) //remove button(AP) {//remove the APs table String AP_name; try { AP_name = DropDownList2. SelectedItem. Text. ToString(); Label6. Text=Removing AP + AP_name; SqlCommand DelCommand = new SqlCommand(DELETE FROM AP WHERE APname = + AP_name + ,sqlConnection1); DelCommand. Connection. Open(); DelCommand. ExecuteNonQuery(); DelCommand. Connection. Close(); apDataSet1. Clear();sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1); sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11); sqlDataAdapter2. AcceptChangesDuringFill = true; sqlDataAdapter3. AcceptChangesDuringFill = true; DataGrid1. DataSource = apDataSet1; DataGrid1. DataBind(); //todo: refrash list DropDownList2. Items. Clear(); int i=0; apDataSet1. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT APname FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); DataRow [] arr = apDataSet1. AP. Select(); i = arr. GetLength(0); while (i! =0) { DropDownList2. Items. Add(arr[i-1]. ItemArray. GetValue(0). ToString()); i=i-1; } sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); //todo: remove the AP_name culomn from the APusers table SqlCommand myCommand = new SqlCommand(ALTER TABLE APusers DROP COLUMN +AP_name,sqlConnection1); myCommand. Connection. Open(); myCommand. ExecuteNonQuery(); myCommand. Connection. Close(); } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } /*SNMP: * goto the selected AP * a. go to the data base and get the AP IP number * b. snmp. snmpSet(IP,DisableAllUsers) */ } private void Button2_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) // add user button. { int i=0; CheckBox1. Visible=false; Label12. Visible=false; TextBox7. Visible=false; DataGrid2. Visible=false; DataGrid1. Visible=false; Button9. Visible=true; TextBox1. Visible=true; TextBox2. Visible=true; TextBox5. Visible=true; Label10. Visible=true; Label3. Visible=true; Label4. Visible=true; Label5. Visible=true; CheckBoxList1. Visible=true; DropDownList1. Visible=false; Button6. Visible=false; Label1. Visible=false; Label2. Visible=false; Button10. Visible=false; TextBox3. Visible=false; TextBox4. Visible=false; DropDownList2. Visible=false; Button8. Visible=false; DropDownList3. Visible=false; Button12. Visible=false; Label13. Visible=false; Label14. Visible=false; Label15. Visible=false; Label16. Visible=false; TextBox6. Visible=false; TextBox8. Visible=false; TextBox9. Visible=false; CheckBoxList2. Visible=false; Button13. Visible=false; DropDownList4. Visible=false; Button16. Visible=false; Button15. Visible=false; Label11. Visible=false; Label17. Visible=false; Label18. Visible=false; TextBox11. Visible=false; TextBox12. Visible=false; TextBox10. Visible=false; CheckBox2. Visible=false; Label6. Text=Insert the user detials and press add; //bring to the checkbox list all the APs available CheckBoxList1. Items. Clear(); apDataSet1. Clear(); Try { sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT APname FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); DataRow [] arr = apDataSet1. AP. Select(); i = arr. GetLength(0); int j =i; while (i! =0) { CheckBoxList1. Items. Add(arr[j-i]. ItemArray. GetValue(0). ToString()); i=i-1; } sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } } private void Button11_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) //show all APs button { CheckBox1. Visible=false; Label12. Visible=false; TextBox7. Visible=false; DataGrid2. Visible=true; DataGrid1. Visible=false; Button9. Visible=false; TextBox1. Visible=false; TextBox2. Visible=false; TextBox5. Visible=false; Label10. Visible=false; Label3. Visible=false; Label4. Visible=false; Label5. Visible=false; CheckBoxList1. Visible=false; DropDownList1. Visible=false; Button6. Visible=false; Label1. Visible=false; Label2. Visible=false; Button10. Visible=false; TextBox3. Visible=false; TextBox4. Visible=false; DropDownList2. Visible=false; Button8. Visible=false; DropDownList3. Visible=false; Button12. Visible=false; Label13. Visible=false; Label14. Visible=false; Label15. Visible=false; Label16. Visible=false; TextBox6. Visible=false; TextBox8. Visible=false; TextBox9. Visible=false; CheckBoxList2. Visible=false; Button13. Visible=false; DropDownList4. Visible=false; Button16. Visible=false; Button15. Visible=false; Label11. Visible=false; Label17. Visible=false; Label18. Visible=false; TextBox11. Visible=false; TextBox12. Visible=false; TextBox10. Visible=false; CheckBox2. Visible=false; try { DataGrid2. DataSource = apDataSet1; DataGrid2. DataBind(); } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } Label6. Text=which operation would you like to perform?; } private void Button7_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) { CheckBox1. Visible=false; Label12. Visible=false; TextBox7. Visible=false; DataGrid2. Visible=false; DataGrid1. Visible=false; Button9. Visible=false; TextBox1. Visible=false; TextBox2. Visible=false; Label3. Visible=false; TextBox5. Visible=false; Label10. Visible=false; Label4. Visible=false; Label5. Visible=false; CheckBoxList1. Visible=false; Label1. Visible=false; Label2. Visible=false; Button10. Visible=false; TextBox3. Visible=false; TextBox4. Visible=false; DropDownList2. Visible=false; Button8. Visible=false; DropDownList1. Visible=false; Button6. Visible=false; DropDownList3. Visible=true; Button12. Visible=true; Label13. Visible=false; Label14. Visible=false; Label15. Visible=false; Label16. Visible=false; TextBox6. Visible=false; TextBox8. Visible=false; TextBox9. Visible=false; CheckBoxList2. Visible=false; Button13. Visible=false; DropDownList4. Visible=false; Button16. Visible=false; Button15. Visible=false; Label11. Visible=false; Label17. Visible=false; Label18. Visible=false; TextBox11. Visible=false; TextBox12. Visible=false; TextBox10. Visible=false; CheckBox2. Visible=false; Label6. Text=Select the user whose details you wish to update; bring the users list into the dropdown box DropDownList3. Items. Clear(); int i=0; try { usersDataSet11. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter3. SelectCommand. CommandText = SELECT userName FROM APusers; sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11); DataRow [] arr = usersDataSet11. APusers. Select(); i = arr. GetLength(0); while (i! =0) { DropDownList3. Items. Add(arr[i-1]. ItemArray. GetValue(0). ToString()); i=i-1; } sqlDataAdapter3. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM APusers,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11,APusers); } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } }private void Button12_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) { string user, id_num, mac_addr; int i=3, length; int APnum; user= DropDownList3. SelectedItem. Text. ToString(); original = user; Label6. Text=Update user + user; DropDownList3. Visible=false; Button12. Visible=false; Label13. Visible=true; Label14. Visible=true; Label15. Visible=true; Label16. Visible=true; TextBox6. Visible=true; TextBox8. Visible=true; TextBox9. Visible=true; CheckBoxList2. Visible=true; Button13. Visible=true; //filling the text boxs with the existing user data CheckBoxList2. Items. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter3. Fill(usersDataSet11); DataRow [] arr = usersDataSet11. APusers. Select(userName ='+user+); id_num = arr[0]. ItemArray. GetValue(1). ToString(); mac_addr = arr[0]. ItemArray. GetValue(2). ToString(); //displaying the current user data in text boxs TextBox6. Text=user; TextBox8. Text=id_num; TextBox9. Text=mac_addr; CheckBoxList2. Items. Clear(); apDataSet1. Clear(); try { sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT APname FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); DataRow [] arr1 = apDataSet1. AP. Select(); APnum = arr1. GetLength(0); i = APnum; int j =i; while (i! =0) { CheckBoxList2. Items. Add(arr1[j-i]. ItemArray. GetValue(0). ToString()); i=i-1; } sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); for(i=0;iAPnum;i++) { SqlCommand myCommand = new SqlCommand( SELECT + CheckBoxList2. Items[i]. Text + FROM APusers WHERE (userName = + user +),sqlConnection1); myCommand. Connection. Open(); SqlDataReader data = myCommand. ExecuteReader(); data. Read(); CheckBoxList2. Items[i]. Selected = data. GetBoolean(0); myCommand. Connection. Close(); } } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } } private void Button13_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) { String user_name,user_id,user_MAC; String str2=,str3=; int i,j,tmp; user_name = TextBox6. Text. ToString(); user_id = TextBox8. Text. ToString(); user_MAC = TextBox9. Text. ToString(); int items = CheckBoxList2. Items. Count; try { apDataSet1. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT APname FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); DataRow [] arr = apDataSet1. AP. Select(); i = arr. GetLength(0); //todo: add this user to the table //todo: create str2 with the names of all the APs coulms //todo: create str3 with the values of all the coulms j=0; for(j=0;ji;j++) { str3= str3 + arr[j]. ItemArray. GetValue(0). ToString()+, ; } str3 = str3. Remove(((str3. Length)-2),2); Label6. Text =CheckBoxList2. SelectedIndex. ToString(); str2= +user_name +, + user_id +, +user_MAC + ,; tmp = CheckBoxList2. SelectedIndex; for(j=0;ji;j++) { if (tmp==j) { str2= str2 + 1, ; CheckBoxList2. SelectedItem. Selected = false; tmp = CheckBoxList2. SelectedIndex; } else str2= str2 + 0, ; } str2 = str2. Remove(((str2. Length)-2),2); Label6. Text =str2; SqlCommand delCommand = new SqlCommand(DELETE FROM APusers WHERE userName = + original + ,sqlConnection1); delCommand. Connection. Open(); delCommand. ExecuteNonQuery(); delCommand. Connection. Close(); SqlCommand insCommand = new SqlCommand(INSERT INTO APusers (userName, id_num, mac_adr, + str3 + ) VALUES ( + str2 + ),sqlConnection1); insCommand. Connection. Open(); insCommand. ExecuteNonQuery(); insCommand. Connection. Close(); sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT * FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); } catch(Exception ev) { Label6. Text=ERROR ACSESSING THE DATABASE; } /*SNMP: * goto the selected user * a. get all the APs IP numbers * b. for each IP *  Ã‚  Ã‚      if checked. *  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   snmp. snmpSet(IP,addUsers) *  Ã‚  Ã‚      else *  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   snmp. snmpSet(IP,removeUsers) */ Label13. Visible=false; Label14. Visible=false; Label15. Visible=false; Label16. Visible=false; TextBox6. Visible=false; TextBox8. Visible=false; TextBox9. Visible=false; CheckBoxList2. Visible=false; Button13. Visible=false; } private void Button14_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) { CheckBox1. Visible=false; Label12. Visible=false; TextBox7. Visible=false; DataGrid2. Visible=false; DataGrid1. Visible=false; Button9. Visible=false; TextBox1. Visible=false; TextBox2. Visible=false; TextBox5. Visible=false; Label10. Visible=false; Label3. Visible=false; Label4. Visible=false; Label5. Visible=false; CheckBoxList1. Visible=false; DropDownList1. Visible=false; Button6. Visible=false; Label1. Visible=false; Label2. Visible=false; Button10. Visible=false; TextBox3. Visible=false; TextBox4. Visible=false; DropDownList2. Visible=false; Button8. Visible=false; DropDownList3. Visible=false; Button12. Visible=false; Label13. Visible=false; Label14. Visible=false; Label15. Visible=false; Label16. Visible=false; TextBox6. Visible=false; TextBox8. Visible=false; TextBox9. Visible=false; CheckBoxList2. Visible=false; Button13. Visible=false; DropDownList4. Visible=true; Button16. Visible=true; Button15. Visible=false; Label11. Visible=false; Label17. Visible=false; Label18. Visible=false; TextBox11. Visible=false; TextBox12. Visible=false; TextBox10. Visible=false; CheckBox2. Visible=false; Label6. Text=Select the AP you wish to update and press select; //bring the APs list into the dropdown box try { DropDownList4. Items. Clear(); int i=0; apDataSet1. Clear(); sqlDataAdapter2. SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SELECT APname FROM AP,sqlConnection1); sqlDataAdapter2. Fill(apDataSet1,AP); DataRow [] arr = apDataSet1. AP. Select(); i = arr.

Chemical Analysis of Water Supply

Chemical Analysis of Water Supply Introductions This EEI’s purposed is to identify and make justified conclusions to three unlabelled water supply that have been taken from different locations within the Kedron Brook area. Using several tests to find which water supply came from, measuring its pH, turbidity, conductivity and etc. There are other task such as systematic analysis (comparing and contrasting previous year student’s results) and how to make water drinkable. Water is a molecule with one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, bonded by shared electrons. Large differences in electronegativity lead the formation of permanent dipoles. This is what we call a polar molecule. In water its charged positively near the hydrogen atoms and negatively near the oxygen atom. Water molecules are naturally attracted and stick to each other because of this polarity, forming a hydrogen bond. The reason why water is called the â€Å"Universal solvent† is because it can dissolve more substances than any other chemical. This is due to its polarity of the water molecule. The two hydrogen atoms carry a positive electric charge, while the oxygen atom carries a negative electric charge. This helps the water separate the ionic compounds into their positive and negative ions. The positive portion of the compound is attracted to the oxygen ion while the negative side of the compound it attracted to the hydrogen ion. Principle The greater the forces of attraction the higher the boiling point or the greater the polarity the higher the boiling point. In the case of water, hydrogen bonding has a strong attraction. It takes a lot more kinetic energy in an increased temperature to break the hydrogen bonds to free the water molecules as the gas. This is why water has a boiling point of 212 °F (99.98 °C) it is from the result of its strong attraction. The pH (power of hydrogen) of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basic of the solution. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to beacidicand solutions with a pH greater than 7 arebasicoralkaline. Water has a pH of 7 this makes it neutral. As water has a pH of 7, it can be both an acid and a base but it can be determine what it is. It can be considered an acid in somereactionsand a base in others. Water can even react with itself to form acids and bases. When molecules are put into water, sometimes they break down and release an H+ (hydrogen) ion. At other times, it releases an OH-(hydroxide) ion. When a hydrogen ion is released, the solution becomes acidic. When a hydroxide ion is released, the solution becomes basic. Those two special ions determine whether it is an acid or a base. Sample of an acid Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) into (CH3COO– + H+) The hydrogen ion separates itself from the compound. Sample of a base Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) into (Na– + OH+) The hydroxide ion separates itself from the compound. Dissolved oxygen (O2) isoxygen dissolvedinto the water. Dissolved oxygen can get into water in two ways, through atmospheric oxygen mixing into a stream in turbulent areas or by the release of oxygen from aquatic plants during photosynthesis. The solubility of oxygen is affected by temperature and the partial pressure of the water. The chances of solubility of oxygen are much greater in cold waters than in warm waters. Oxygen slips into pockets that exist in the loose hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules without forcing them apart. The oxygen is then caged by water molecules, which weakly pin it in place. Dissolved oxygen is important to aquatic life as it is the means of breathing to them. Although it could be loss resulting to the loss of aquatic life from: Temperature Turbulence Vegetation Elevation Salinity Turbidity is a measure of the degree to which the water loses its transparency due to suspended solids (like dirt). The more total suspended solids in the water, the murkier it seems and the higher the turbidity. As there are suspended particles floating it absorbs the heat from the sunlight causing reduce dissolved oxygen, reducing aquatic life. Conductivity is a measure of how capable water can pass electrical flow. It is relates to the concentration of ions in the water. These conductive ions come from dissolved salts such as alkalis, chlorides, sulfides and carbonate compounds. Salt is important as it dissolves and bonds with the ions in water easily. For the electric current to flow through water, there must be a positive and negative pole. Such as the elements H2O and NaCl bond which create a positive and negative ion. The more ion that is represent the higher the conductivity such as sea water, and water with fewer ions has less conductivity such as pure water. Unlike temperature and dissolved oxygen, small amount of nitrates usually does not have a direct effect on aquatic insects or fish. Though, excess levels of nitrates in water can create conditions that make it difficult for aquatic insects or fish to survive. Nitrates and nitrites are good for agriculture as they contain atoms of nitrogen and oxygen for plants to produce amino acids, but not well for aquatic life. With water containing nitrates and nitrates, algae and other plants can grow faster, as the algae die and decompose; they deplete the water of dissolved oxygen resulting death to aquatic life. Precipitation is the action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution. A precipitate is created by the reaction caused by two different solutions. A precipitate is formed is due to the solubility of the two solutions. The chemical reaction produces a solid when the two solutions, isn’t soluble also known as insoluble. Nitrate (NO3) Chlorate (ClO3) Perchlorate (ClO4) Acetate (C2H3O2) All nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, and acetates are soluble Chloride (Cl) Bromide (Br) Iodide (I) All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble, except those of silver, mercury(I), and lead(II) Sulfate (SO42-) All sulfates are soluble except those of mercury (I), lead(II), strontium and barium (calcium sulfate is only slightly soluble) Hydroxide (OH) Sulfide (S2-) All hydroxides and sulfides are insoluble except those of calcium and strontium are slightly soluble and barium hydroxide is moderately soluble Oxide (O2-) Carbonate (CO32-) Phosphate (PO43-) Oxalate (C2O42-) All oxides, carbonates, phosphates, and oxalates are insoluble Soluble and insoluble solutions This report also aims to explain how to make water drinkable by considering the standards of drinkable water. Drinking water does not need to be completely pure to be safe. This is because water is a good solvent. Drinkable water should contain no harmful concentrations of chemicals and bacteria; they can easily be recognised from its appearance, taste or colour. Such as saltwater, the reason why saltwater is undrinkable is because the water contains different kinds of salts and other minerals and having an overdose of saltwater in the body could cause serious danger.

joeseph stalin :: essays research papers

Joseph Stalin was a man who had many accomplishments in his lifetime. He was a family man, a business man, and a political leader of one of the worlds largest super powers. He is noted for having control over more people for a greater amount of time than anyone before or since his time. He is compared to Ghengis Kahn and Ivan the terrible. Stalin had a unique way of thinking and governing this became known as Stalinism He had thoughts and ideas that affect our world even today. Joseph Stalin was born in1879 by the name Joseph Vissarionovich Djugashville on the twenty-first of December in the small town of Gori Georgia into a poor poverty stricken family. His father was an unsuccessful cobbler he was also an alcoholic who beat Joseph mercilessly, and was killed in a bar fight were he was stabbed to death. Stalin’s mother was more supportive of him, Her name was Ekiterena She was a simple washerwoman who had hoped for Joseph to become a priest. Joseph Had no siblings, he was the last born child and only to survive infancy. His mother was said to be very attentive to him, it is said that â€Å"her attentiveness encouraged Stalin to self- idolization, while the deprivations of his childhood may have made compensatory life physiologically indispensable. In any event young Stalin given to identify with hero-like figures† (William G. Rosenberg) This is why he was given his nick name Koba after a fictional mountain hero. His family squalor gave him ambition and an acute Consciousness on class, but his Georgian background also taught him a bit of brutality and vengeance. In 1893 Stalin entered Tifilis Theological Seminary â€Å"the discipline there was another impetus toward revolutionary activism.† (Joseph Stalin). Soon after in 1898 he was involved in radical political activity. And in the next year he left the seminary before he graduated and became a revolutionary organizer by 1901 he was a member of the Georgian branch of the social democratic party. He roamed the caucuses, agitating among co workers, he helped with strikes, and spreading socialist literature he had no charisma or oral skill but seamed to be talented at practical organization, and in his dull appearance concealed a genuine genius and an acute memory which helped him in several ways. Later in 1903 the social democrats split into two groups leaving Stalin to choose which side to join, the sides were the Boshlevics and the Mensheviks.

Coles Sales Promotion Essay

Pacific managing director of Nielsen Consumer Group, saidâ€Å"It’s no surprise that consumers are increasingly concerned about their household budgets in response to such fluctuating economic conditions, and the cost-saving strategies currently being employed by consumers are likely to continue well into the year. †(Jessica Kennedy,2011)Due to the rising concern of the current unstable economic condition in Australia, the people have developed a tendency to save or spend only what is necessary. There is also a concern for the rising food and fuel prices and more and more people are looking for good deals and bargains for the basic necessities required to run a household. If this holds true to the working population then this will hold true even more to the student population in Australia who perhaps only have a part time job and live on a fixed budget. Market analysis: The student population contributes a lot to the economy of Australia. In 2008, the total tertiary student community in Melbourne was around 208,800 people and international tertiary student population numbering was at least 28,150 (Melbourne City Research, 2010). These numbers have steadily risen in the past years and will continue to do so. From this situation analysis, it can be derived that it would be a successful venture if fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables were offered at a discounted price by Coles to students in Melbourne for a limited period of time. And if the response is successful in Melbourne it can be an option to expand to other cities as well. Sales promotion pitch: Offering a 15% discount to students from the 1s of July to the 31st of July on all of Coles’ fresh and frozen fruits and vegetable line. SWOT analysis : Strengths:The current economic condition will help the response to a sale if it is held. It will attract the customers and increase revenue. It is also a healthy campaign as fruits and vegetables are being offered at a discount to students to encourage them to eat healthier and will boost the image of Coles. Weaknesses:The risk that the response may not be as enthusiastic as predicted from the target audience. Also that it is targeting a very specific segment of the market and that can be risky to the campaign if the response is not as predicted. Opportunities:The option to hold this sale every half year or more frequently if response is good and also in a larger number of cities. Threats: Competitors like Woolworths and Aldi may also put their items on sale to compete with Coles. Target Segment Demographics: Treating the market as heterogeneous, as all the people of Melbourne are not being targeted and they don’t have similar wants, the target profile for the campaign would look like the following : * Age|* Late teens and above| * Gender|* Male and female|Geographic area|* Melbourne| * Occupation|* Students| * Household size|* Living alone or with housemates| * Lifestyle and Habits|* Lives on a budget, tends to look forthe most reasonable prices, prioritizes saving andhas a slightly more healthy lifestyle. | The typical profile of the segment being targeted would be a College student who Lives alone or with housemates or in a dorm and who purchases their own groceries. Within the target audience there will be differen t views and attitudes about fruits and vegetables. The types of opinions are usually four in kind. They are: * The appreciators: will be the portion of the target market that like eating healthy and enjoy eating lots of fruits and vegetables. These people may be more health conscious and aware of the fact that fruits and vegetables are a very important part of the diet. â€Å" I love fruits and vegetables! They are a part of almost all of my meals for the day†* The acceptors: are the segment of students that eat a moderate amount of fruits and vegetables but also prefer meats and other food items.I like fruits and vegetables but I don’t like including them in all my meals, I prefer meat†* The resistors:this segment is not very fond of fruits and vegetables but eat them on occasion. â€Å"fruits and vegetables are ok but I would rather eat something else†* The rejecters: This portion of students is strongly against adding fruits or vegetables to their daily meals and would most definitely eat other foods ins tead. Insert refrence pg. 206 One of the purposes of the campaign is to try and get the percentage of the resistors and the rejecters to convert to either the acceptors or the appreciators. Time frame: The promotion will last for one month. Starting July 1st and ending July 31st. The duration chosen is during the offseason period where there are no big sales held otherwise. This will make it easier to persuade the target market to purchase their groceries at Coles as it will be cheaper to do so. It gives them an incentive to buy. 20 specimen subjects from Chisholm College that fit the target profile completed a survey about why they picked a particular store over another. Four fixed options were asked and the results were as follows: More than half, i. e 11 people out of 20, said that the main reason they choose a store was because of its low prices. 6 people said they choose a store according to how conveniently it’s located, 2 said it was because of loyalty to the store and 1 said because of good customer service. This further emphasizes the fact that if a sales promotion was held, the response would be enthusiastic and the campaign would be successful. Main Objective: * Increasing the sales of fresh, frozen and canned fruits and vegetables by 5 to 10 percent in the month of July. Initially only in Melbourne with an option to expand to other cities if the response is positive. Additional objectives: * Enhance customer loyalty * Create new customers * To reinforce brand advertising * Encouraging students to eat healthier Perception – achieve at least a 65% increase in awareness of the sales promotion in the firstweek Cognition – Achieve recall of discount period at Coles by at least 80% of the students in Melbourne Persuasion – Make the target audience want to go to Coles for their groceries rather than its competitors Emotion – Induce humor and fun through the advertisement Association – Associate Coles with the most reasonable prices and quality goods Behavior – Persuade at least 3% of the customers that shop at Woolworths, Aldi and other competitors to switch over to Coles Approach: The type of approach to be used for this promotion is the emotional approach and a soft sell strategy. Humor will be used a medium in the advertisement to allow students to relate to the campaign easily and for retention of the message to create the need to buy fruits and vegetables at Coles. An anonymous survey was conducted using 20 students in Chisholm College that fit the target audience. They were asked to state what kinds of advertisements they remembered the easiest out of a given three choices. Out of 20 students, 15 said humorous advertisements were the easiest to remember, 2 said informative and 3 said shock advertising. Pull promotional strategy: ‘ In a pull strategy, the manufacturer directs the majority of its promotional effort towards the ultimate consumer in an attempt to get them to pull the products through the marketing channel. ’ (McColl – Kennedy, JR, 1994) A pull promotional strategy creates a high degree of awareness amongst consumers and implants a desire and an interest for the product. This makes the customers to go to the retail store with the determination to find the product to purchase it and if it is not available they urge the retailer to stock up on it. This is the strategy that Coles is aiming at following as the message will be sent directly to the ultimate consumers who are in this case the students, urging them to purchase frozen, fresh and canned fruits and vegetables. And when the demand exceeds the supply, it will cause the Coles retail stores to urge the wholesalers and other links in the product chain to acquire the product causing a pulling effect through the marketing channel. Communication: In order to inform the potential customers about the promotion, effective and efficient advertising must be carried out. The use of Television, the internet, newspapers and magazines help in doing so. Since the target market is only students, it would also be productive to display the advertisements on social networking sites on the internet. To further reach students fliers can be put up on the notice boards and in the college magazines. Point of purchase displays also helps as it improves in store branding and keeps the customer informed. Having sales signs near the product also can lead to impulse buying. The key message sent out here would be that it is cheaper to buy your groceries at Coles than at any other supermarket. Eliciting the desired response: The main reason for fierce advertising and promotions is due to the reason that the sales promotion will be carried out for one month only. During this time period, Coles seeks to attract as many customers as possible to their stores in Melbourne. It is true that the potential customers go through a behavioral or psychological process before purchasing a product called a response hierarchy. The Coles advertisements and promotions seek to fulfill all the steps in this hierarchy chain.

America”s Affirmative Actions on Minorities

In years past, Americas of every race, color, and nationality have been pushing for equal rights and equal representation in everything from politics, to professional sports coaches, to jobs, and colleges. In American colleges there is a little thing called affirmative action. This means that colleges give greater higher educational acceptances to minorities than they do the average Joe. For example, one college accepts people if they score above 140 points on their point scale. However, minority groups receive 20 free points just for being themselves! Now is this fair? In a country that is trying to abolish racism, this little thing called affirmative action is fueling it. On college campuses around the nation, the admissions office is not doing their job. They are not granting admissions to the most qualified or the most talented candidates, instead they want to make their education center culturally diverse. To do so, these education centers are granting â€Å"gifts† or giving â€Å"tokens† to these minority groups so is doesn†t look like the average Joe is all the college is made up of. Isn†t this racism at its finest? Statistically, white students have a better chance of getting into college because of their cultural background and emphasis their ancestors put on education. The same thing is happening in work forces across America. Employers have hired the less qualified minority to make a certain quota or to have their company look more diverse. However, a new law in California government prohibits this from happening. Their new law requires the most qualified person to have the job, regardless of race, color, and nationality. More employers and college admission offices throughout the country should abolish affirmative action. It is destroying higher education institutions, and workforces. This same affirmative action is tearing apart the greatest nation on earth, which was built on the words. â€Å"All men are created equal†, and obviously with affirmative action in place, all men are not created equal.